Homelessness and NC state parks: life in pericapitalist ruins
Homelessness is widely constructed as an urban geography problem and is communicated primarily through an urban policy lens. Scholarly literature problematizes the content of urban homelessness policies rather than the narrowness of an urbanization scope. The urban planning policy discourse and its critics do not include rural homelessness in their purviews. Most of the literature on urban homelessness focuses on the divisiveness of urbanization, gentrification, and city-owned property. Although these urban factors impact homelessness broadly, they do not directly relate to rural mobilities in state park settings. Converging responses to American policies on urban homelessness have been dominated by revanchist rhetoric. The concerns expressed in revanchist rhetoric surrounding urban homelessness explains the lack of attention given to rural homelessness. Rural homelessness involves several nuances that are not included in the urban homelessness discourse. One such nuance is the rural mobilities of homeless people who move within rural settings. Such rural mobilities are uniquely shaped and reified by the North Carolina State Park’s two-week maximum stay camping policy. Consequently, rural mobilities are difficult to quantify and are not necessarily targeted with the revanchist rhetoric directed at urban homelessness although the two-week limit policy directly shapes rural mobilities. In North Carolina’s Research Triangle, the most-visited state park and two state recreation areas provide campsites to the public. This triangle of available campsites uniquely shapes the rural mobilities among homeless people. I examine how rural homelessness intersects with state-owned land and thereby uniquely shapes the rural mobilities of homeless people. In contrasting rural homelessness to urban homelessness, I apply Anna Tsing’s use of pericapitalism as a means to give language to the rural mobilities found in and around the North Carolina State Park system. The rural mobilities in this context exemplify a type of pericapitalism in which rural homeless campers temporarily purchase campsites and thereby temporarily commodify space. I argue that a pericapitalist analysis frames the optimal working definition of rural homelessness and thereby describes the interrelated dynamics of rural mobilities.